Propellant or smokeless powder based on nitrocellulose and nitropage 157 share cite. Effect of temperature on mechanical properties of solid. Method for making extruded, solventless, composite. Modified double base mdb propellant based on stoichiometric binary mixture of oxidizermetal fuel ammonium perchlorate. Jannaf to discuss technical advances at its 63rd meeting in. Certain ballistic performance and thermal properties. Pdf double base propellant suffers from lack of chemical stability. The more energydense double base powders get more bounce per cubic inch so to speak. Method for making extruded, solventless, compositemodified. In this study, the manufacturing of a doublebase propellant with 60% of nitrocellulose and 30% of nitroglycerin by means of ram extrusion was analysed, with the purpose of deducing the. Multiple or triple base propellants incorporate a crystalline explosive such as nitroguanidine in the doublebase formulation.
Pdf combustion characteristics of extruded double base. Multiple or triple base propellants incorporate a crystalline explosive such as nitroguanidine in the double base formulation. It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an extrudable solventless double base propellant which has a high specific impulse. The cast double base process has been developed into a highly versatile technique for manufacturing solid rocket charges.
Pdf a double base propellant is a polymer which is used as an energetic material to propel. Increased impulse of solventless extruded double base rocket. Extruded single or double base propellants for cartridges up to and inclug 7. Jul 25, 1978 it is another object of the present invention to provide an extrudable solventless double base propellant with a high percentage of solid oxidizer. These newer and more powerful propellants were more stable. The doublebase propellant grains are gels containing at least two main ingredients. The history of solid rocket propulsion covers a span of more than 2000 years, starting in china with the accidental discovery of black powder or something similar around 220 bc ca and continuing up to the current days. Combustion characteristics of extruded double base propellant. Contributions to the evolution of solid propellant rocketry have come from a variety of sources. Thanks to alfred nobels work in nitroglycerine it all started with double base formulations. Generally, a double base powder is selected when case volume limits the performance of a round with single base powders.
By adding crystalline nitramines hmx or rdx the performance and density can be improved. Blackout high density, double base, spherical propellant. These are propellants with ballistic modifiers which alter the burning characteristics. Ethyl cellulose has been used as an alternative for loose extruded propellant charges in some applications since it is less affected by nitroglycerine. Barter royal ordnance, waltham abbey, essex en9 1ay united kingdom. Double base propellants an overview sciencedirect topics. While s335 is a single base propellant extruded consisting almost entirely from nitrocellulose.
This study is devoted to the development of extruded mdb propellants based on potential oxidizers. Chemical stability, thermal behavior, and shelf life assessment of extruded modified double base propellants. Extrusion techniques for doublebase propellant are well established and are operational worldwide. Singlebase powders have nitrocellulose as the main ingredient.
Nov 03, 1981 there are many known processes for manufacturing of double base propellant such as solvent extrusion, conventional casting, slurry casting, and solventless extrusion. That, to me, is unacceptable for a text claiming to be the authority on propellants. Technology division announces first cite partnership. Chapter 1 composite solid propellant binders current. Highlights of solid rocket propulsion history springerlink. However, the specific materials studied were experimental propellants not used in current cartridges. The term is unique to the united states and is generally not used in other englishspeaking countries, which initially used proprietary names such as ballistite and cordite but gradually shifted to. The first, the so called doublebase propellant, consists of nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine, plus additives in small quantity. Jannaf to discuss technical advances at its 63rd meeting in newport news, virginia. A method for formulating an extrudable compositemodified doublebase propellant having an appreciable quantity of ballistic solids, which comprise the steps of. Differential scanning calorimetery data indicated that the reworking stages of extruded double base propellant manufacture were crucial to the homogenisation of the propellant mixture. Im looking at a can of solo which has single base smokeless propellant and a picture of a shotgun shell under. Extruded double base edb propellants edb propellant range mechanite ceuk manufacture a range of edb propellants designed to provide a controlled release of gas capable of providing a propulsive force e. Pdf chemical stability, thermal behavior, and shelf life.
Effect of lead and copper methylene disalicylates on the combustion rates of doublebase rocket propellants. The double base propellant grains are gels containing at least two main ingredients. Asoldlid propellant is a soldlid state substance whhhich contains both oxidizer and fuel and is able to burn in absence of ambientair s lidsolid propell tllantsusually generatealarge number of gaseous molecules at high temperatures t. They can be pressed or machined to the required dimensions. Combustion characteristics of extruded double base. Effect of manufacturing processes on nitrocellulose in. Effect of manufacturing processes on nitrocellulose in extruded double base propellants presented by james tucker james tucker a, philip p gill a, john hand b. A double base propellant generally contains an energetic poly mer, such as nitrocellulose, plasticized into a gel by an ener getic plasticizer, such as nitroglycerine. Spherical powders take this another step all are double base by being even more dense and having a shape that packs much tighter than. Extruded double base edb are prepared by impregnation of nc with ng in a water medium to get a paste, followed by kneading with. Characteristics and manufacture of spherical smokeless powders fernanda diniz botelho 1, erick braga ferrao galante, alvaro jose boareto mendes introduction smokeless powders are a class of propellants that were. In feburary 1950 the construction of the solid propellant laboratories spl development scale rocket motor filling factory commenced and by july 1950 the first solid motor filled a 7 inch diameter motor filled with suk a type of extruded double base was later fired at 6 site. The basic purpose of the mechanite charge is the controlled.
Additives may be 25 included in these double base propellants to improve the. In continuous mixing, the same propellant ingredients are continuously measured into a mixing chamber, mixed, and continuously discharged into the motor or other container until the required amount of propellant has been obtained. Jannaf to discuss technical advances at its 63rd meeting. Combustion characteristics of extruded double base propellant based on ammonium perchloratealuminum binary mixture. The reworking stages of extruded double base propellant manufacture are crucial to the homogenisation of the propellant. Solventless extrusion of double base propellant prepared by a. Double base propellant uses nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine, while triple base uses the double base. High bulk density extruded propellant for small arms. And depending on whether the manufacturing process is by extrusion or casting, they are also known in france either as sd solventless or extruded double base propellants or edb, or as epictetes cast double base propellants or cdb. Us4102953a method for making extruded, solventless. The manufacturing process for solventless extruded double base propellants involves a number of rolling and reworking stages. Cranfield university james peter tucker a whole life. Royal ordnance, waltham abbey, essex en9 1ay united kingdom search for more papers by this author. One of the main operational ballistic characteristics of extruded double base propellants, is their high specific impulse and burning rate which could be up to 220 s and 40 mms, respectively 10, 11.
Single base propellant uses only nitrocellulose as the primary energetic. Doublebase propellants are one of the oldest propellant families. In both cases, additives are included in the propellant formulation to manipulate burning characteristics, improve amongst others process ability, mechanical properties, shelf life and to reduce flash. Impact of initial grain temperature on the activation energy and the burning rate of cast doublebase propellant. According to the various manufacturing methods, there are two main families chapter 9.
Combustion characteristics of extruded double base propellant based on. Propellant type geometry examples of use single base propellants extruded, compact or porous single base propellants extruded impregnated propellants single or multiperforated cylindrical grains extruded flakes tshaped flakes tank and field artillery ammunition. Slurry cast doublebase mixing equipment for a small motor. Extruded double base propellant can be supplied in various forms. To determine the homogeneity of the final extruded product, a sample was analysed across its diameter. Both nc and ng are explosives, dangerous sometimes jpn nc 51. None of the above processes is desirable for producing mass quantities of small double base propellant charges when considered in view of either economics or safety, or both. Topics included i sp modification, mechanical properties, sensitivity, etc.
Much attention has been directed toward the development of modified double base mdb propellant as it can offer high specific impulse as well as wide range of burning rate. Separate development of castable composite propellants led to production of polaris and minuteman powerplants. Compositemodified doublebase rocket propellants generally contain an inorganic crystalline oxidizer such as ammonium perchlorate ap, nh4c104 and a metallic fuel, e. The whys and whatfors of bullet propellants thegunmag. Indian ordnance factories have facilities to extrude propellants of diameters ranging from 10 to 160 mm, but the extruded composite propellant ecp is an entirely new thrust area in the field of composite propellant. Over the years several compositions have been developed and we have now passed 1400 serial production recipes. Item 5 propellant production federation of american.
Lengelle et al, combustion of solid propellants rtoen023 2002. The samples bottles were usually checked during each duty day for the presence of reddishbrown fumes which indicated that the end of the propellants stable life was near and could, in fact, be approaching a state of autoignition. Performance tailoring of extruded doublebase propellants. I investigation of flameless combustion mechanism of m2 doublebase propellant by cecil eugene kirby langley research center summary an experimental study of the heat reaction for flameless combustion m2 doublebase propellant 20 percent. Both extruded double base edb and cast double base cdb propellant have found extensive applications, mostly in small tactical missiles of older design. The the theory of the burning of doublebase rocket.
Download as pptx, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. Pdf characterisation of mechanical and thermal properties of. High density, double base, tubular propellant similar to accurate 5744 and imr 4198. As a result these are known as homogeneous propellants, in contrast to the composite propellants. Propellant profiles sixth edition paperback october 28, 2016. The solubility and extent of plasticisation will depend on nitrogen content. Furthermore, the extruded db propellants can be assembled in rocket motor as free standing. Base propellant following solvent vapour exposure i.
Increased impulse of solventless extruded double base. An area of propellant manufacturing is the extruded solventless double base rocket propellants. Double base propellant suffers from lack of chemical stability. Small charges of high energy double base propellants are prepared by solventless extrusion of propellant billets prepared by a slurry type process.
Xrayed to ensure that the propellant grain is homogeneous, bonded everywhere to the case, and free of cracks. Double base propellant compositions download pdf info publication number ep03798b1. These are smokeless propellant grains mainly used in short. Extrusion techniques for double base propellant are well established and are operational worldwide.
Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 2019, 7 1, 185191. Dynamic mechanical properties of artificially aged double. The major air force propellant development effort of the era focused on a low cost composition based on and ammonium nitrate. Mechanite is the brand name of chemring energetics uks range of extruded double base propellant compositions. It has not been universally adopted since thpe are difficulties in bonding in the cast double base process, its low softening point has precluded its. The propellant is a colloid of the two ingredients. Applications for large od extruded motors economic considerations. Doublebase propellants, singlebase powders, spherical powders, smokeless powders. These are smokeless propellant grains mainly used in short range systems like shoulderlaunched systems, unguided rockets and surfacetoair missiles and rockets. Successfully extruded a 58 inch outside diameter chord of inert propellant utilizing a 40mm twinscrew mixerextruder benefits cost reduction in solventless propellant utilizing an automated process minimizes the risk of potential soldier safety problems with residual solvent in propellant. Manufacture of cast doublebase propellant advances in. Cost effective large diameter rockets using extruded propellant rocket motors joe bellotte, senior rocket development engineer. Chapter 1 composite solid propellant binders current status.
Theres not even a burn rate chart included in this book. Energy output of ball propellant vs extruded propellant. Chemical stability, thermal behavior, and shelf life. One of the main approaches for the development of mdb propellant is the. The molecules are unstable, and upon ignition break apart and rearrange themselves, liberating large quantities of heat. World war ii research on large solids enabled one company to capitalize on work in the area of castable double base propellants. Us4298552a solventless extrusion of double base propellant. Double base propellant is tested in a combustion chamber having a laserintroducing window, and is irradiated with an 808nm laser at laser power densities ranging from 0. Category ii item 5 propellant production production technology, or production equipment including its spe. Extruded double base edb propellants chemring group. Effect of manufacturing processes on nitrocellulose in extruded double base propellants presented by james tucker james tucker a, philip p gill a, john hand b a cranfield university, shrivenham, swindon, sn6 8la, uk email. The double base composition of bullseye was suspect. Method for making extruded, solventless, compositemodified double base propellant. Royal ordnance, waltham abbey, essex en9 1ay united kingdom.
A whole life assessment of extruded double base propellants. Investigation of flameless combustion mechanism of m2. Compositemodified double base rocket propellants generally contain an inorganic crystalline oxidizer such as ammonium perchlorate ap, nh4c104 and a metallic fuel, e. Doublebase propellants made by the extrusion or powder casting techniques are used in antitank rockets or missiles and in some tactical missiles. Characteristics and manufacture of spherical smokeless powders. Smokeless powder is the name given to a number of propellants used in firearms and artillery that produce negligible smoke when fired, unlike the gunpowder or black powder they replaced. Cost effective large diameter rockets using extruded. Modification of the physical properties of an extruded double.
Cost effective large diameter rockets using extruded propellant rocket motors. This research is not only related to the question of the design of the extruded body, but also to the questions of the rheology of the propellant mixture. The apobs propellant grain manufacturing is the first in a series of extruded double base propellant grain opportunities planned. Energy output of ball propellant vs extruded propellant somchem. And depending on whether the manufacturing process is by extrusion or casting, they are also known in france either as sd solventless or extruded doublebase propellants or edb, or as epictetes cast doublebase propellants or cdb. Model for prediction of doublebase propellant burn rate, including crossflow effects. Us2495216a us548514a us54851444a us2495216a us 2495216 a us2495216 a us 2495216a us 548514 a us548514 a us 548514a us 54851444 a us54851444 a us 54851444a us 2495216 a us2495216 a us 2495216a authority us united states prior art keywords water mixture solvent form acetone prior art date 19440807 legal status the legal status is an assumption and is not a legal. Propellant geometry type descriptions smokeless propellant has three basic chemistry types. Propellants manufactured by this process provide a wide range of energies, burning rates, and mechanical properties. Both extruded doublebase edb and cast doublebase cdb propellant have found extensive applications, mostly in small tactical missiles of older design. Modification of the physical properties of an extruded.
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